Members of the IEEC carry out applied research and development projects in a wide variety of fields: scientific-technological research, Earth observation, navigation, space safety, telecommunications, planetary exploration technologies and ground segment, among others.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”99.9%” custom_padding=”||24px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1a1140″ link_font=”|600|||on||||” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_3_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_3_line_height=”1.2em” width=”100%” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”100%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n
The IEEC, in some cases through its Research Units, covers a wide variety of applications with the research and development projects it carries out: nanosatellite communications, atmospheric and astronomical sciences, scientific infrastructures, technological developments for current and future space missions, satellite positioning and augmentation systems and their link with 5G technology, data compression algorithms, and ground-based telescope planners for space missions, among others.<\/p>\n
Below, we highlight the most relevant and recent applied research and development projects, distributed according to seven thematic areas, although there are interrelationships between them.<\/p>\n
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Programes de recerca cient\u00edfico-tecnol\u00f2gics (1)<\/h2>\n
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Programes de recerca cient\u00edfico-tecnol\u00f2gics (1)<\/h2>\n
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Scientific-Technological Research Programmes<\/h2>\n
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The research programmes covering the scientific and technological components are a fundamental pillar among the projects developed by the IEEC.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”323.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/recerca.webp” alt=”recerca” title_text=”recerca” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1e2751″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”|40px|30px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
In particular, these programmes are very relevant in the context of developments with a significant innovation component and of high interest for future missions.<\/p>\n
In this respect, the most notable are the ESA projects<\/strong>, called LETS<\/strong> and LIRA<\/strong>, linked to the contribution to the LISA mission<\/strong> in the area of gravitational waves astronomy, with the development of a high-precision temperature control subsystem, which allow the analysis and calibration of temperature sensors, including optical sensors.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#cient-tecnol” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Observaci\u00f3 de la Terra (2)<\/h2>\n
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Observaci\u00f3 de la Terra (2)<\/h2>\n
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Earth Observation<\/h2>\n
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Earth Observation<\/strong> from space is a key element for Earth-related sciences. The applications derived from Earth Observation<\/strong> are fundamental to understanding and mitigating some of the major current challenges: climate change, the crisis of natural resources, environmental emergencies and damage or the loss of biodiversity.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”298.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/observacio.webp” alt=”observacio” title_text=”observacio” align=”right” src_tablet=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/observacio.webp” src_phone=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/observacio.webp” src_last_edited=”on|desktop” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”off|off|on” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||0px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||28px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1e2751″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”|40px|34px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
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In this context, the IEEC<\/strong> is a leading centre in remote sensing and the use of geo-positioning signals for Earth Observation<\/strong> applications, from the invention of measurement techniques, algorithm and instrumentation prototypes, calibration techniques, verification and validation, as well as preparation and participation in related space missions.<\/p>\nAmong the IEEC’s main areas of specialization are the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)<\/strong> in atmospheric sciences, reflectometry based on GNSS signals of opportunity (GNSS-R), the GNSS radio occultations (GNSS-RO)<\/strong>, advanced hyperspectral technologies and their application in small satellites, data fusion for the generation of Earth Observation products and the improvement of existing space infrastructures (in particular, from the Copernicus programme<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#observacio” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/observacio.webp” alt=”observacio” title_text=”observacio” align=”right” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”on|on|off” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||0px||false|false” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||9px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Navegaci\u00f3 (3)<\/h2>\n
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Navegaci\u00f3 (3)<\/h2>\n
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Navigation<\/h2>\n
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In several groups of the IEEC, the extensive experience in Positioning, Navigation <\/strong>and Timing<\/strong> (PNT) is evident in multiple areas such as Earth Observation, Telecommunications and Space Meteorology, and in ground applications that require geo-positioning.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”275.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/navegacio.webp” alt=”navegacio” title_text=”navegacio” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1e2751″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”|40px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Emphasis is also placed on the improvement of the existing space infrastructures, EGNOS and Galileo (EGNSS)<\/strong>, and on their future evolutions and associated services, as well as on the development of new concepts in LEO-PNT<\/strong>, complementary to GNSS, based on transmission of navigation signals from low orbits. It is also worth noting the positioning based on pulsars to allow interplanetary navigation in the future.<\/p>\nRelevant examples include, but are not limited to, the design, development and testing of algorithms for future new EGNSS and LEO-PNT signals, new low-power GNSS receivers for Internet of Things applications, mitigation of interference and authentication of navigation messages, relevant aspects in cyber security and proof of concept of the Galileo Commercial Authentication Service (CAS).<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#navegacio” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” button_alignment_tablet=”left” button_alignment_phone=”left” button_alignment_last_edited=”on|phone” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”33px||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Seguretat espacial (4)<\/h2>\n
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Seguretat espacial (4)<\/h2>\n
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Space Safety<\/h2>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Source Sans Pro||on||||||” text_font_size=”26px” text_line_height=”1em” header_2_line_height=”1.1em” text_orientation=”right” custom_padding=”||20px||false|false” text_font_size_tablet=”22px” text_font_size_phone=”22px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” text_orientation_tablet=”left” text_orientation_phone=”left” text_orientation_last_edited=”on|tablet” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]At this time, protecting space assets against threats has become a priority, such as weather phenomena, space debris and Earth proximity objects.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”323.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/seguretat_espacial.webp” alt=”seguretat_espacial” title_text=”seguretat_espacial” align=”right” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”off|off|on” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text content_last_edited=”off|desktop” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1e2751″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”|40px|34px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
For these purposes, Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) and space weather (SWE) programmes from the Space Safety Programme (S2P)<\/strong> are promoted for the monitoring and analysis of related factors, such as the activity of the Sun, the magnetosphere, the ionosphere and the changes in the trajectories of space objects.<\/p>\nThe Montsec Observatory (OdM) has been actively contributing for years to the European Union’s SST programme (EUSST)<\/strong> in satellite tracking. And there is also a significant participation in the S2P programme<\/strong> through the SWESNET and SWEMED projects.<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#seguretat-espacial” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/seguretat_espacial.webp” alt=”seguretat_espacial” title_text=”seguretat_espacial” align=”right” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”on|on|off” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Telecomunicacions (5)<\/h2>\n
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Telecomunicacions (5)<\/h2>\n
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Telecommunications<\/h2>\n
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Further to promoting telecommunications as one of the three themes of the NewSpace Strategy of Catalonia<\/strong>, the IEEC<\/strong> participates in projects linked to the development of a satellite communications teleport at the Montsec Observatory (OdM)<\/strong>, in design of signals and modulations for EGNSS<\/strong>, as well as projects linked to applications that require 5G communications and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT).<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”278.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/telecomunicacions.webp” alt=”telecomunicacions” title_text=”telecomunicacions” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Associated examples include the use of the satellite communications station of the NanoSatLab of the UPC<\/strong>, with antennas in the VHF\/UHF and S bands<\/strong>, for communication with the Enxaneta satellite<\/strong>, and the corresponding radio frequency regulatory procedures.<\/p>\nIn particular, the IEEC<\/strong> is responsible for the operation of this station and has been registered in the network operators and electronic communications services register of the CNMC<\/strong>. Projects in data compression to promote the efficient use of satellite radio links, and an innovation project linked to Professional Training<\/strong> that promotes the deployment of satellite 5G communications laboratories and IoT for applications in work safety also stand out.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#telecomunicacions” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” button_alignment_tablet=”left” button_alignment_phone=”left” button_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Tecnologies d\u2019exploraci\u00f3 planet\u00e0ria (6)<\/h2>\n
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Tecnologies d\u2019exploraci\u00f3 planet\u00e0ria (6)<\/h2>\n
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Planetary Exploration Technologies<\/h2>\n
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The IEEC<\/strong> is a leading center in the construction of instrumentation and sensors for space exploration.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”323.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/exploracio_planetaria.webp” alt=”exploracio_planetaria” title_text=”exploracio_planetaria” align=”right” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”off|off|on” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#1e2751″ custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”|40px|30px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px|0px|0px|0px|false|false” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||0px|false|false” custom_padding_last_edited=”off|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
In particular, for missions to the moon and Mars and for the scientific study of exoplanets. It also participates in different European networks that define the roadmap in areas of theoretical and experimental research.<\/p>\n
As a result of the MELISA project<\/strong>, promoted by the IEEC<\/strong>, a miniaturized magnetometer, with very low noise, in the ultra-low frequency range, has been designed and developed. It implements the modulation of the magnetic field through microelectromechanical resonators (MEMS)<\/strong>. Another case of European collaboration is the MiniPINS project<\/strong>, which aims to develop and prototype miniaturised surface sensor packages for Mars and the Moon.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#exploracio-planetaria” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/exploracio_planetaria.webp” alt=”exploracio_planetaria” title_text=”exploracio_planetaria” align=”right” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” disabled_on=”on|on|off” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”<\/p>\n
Segment terrestre (7)<\/h2>\n
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Segment terrestre (7)<\/h2>\n
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Ground Segment<\/h2>\n
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As a part of the study of the cosmos and the Earth, the IEEC<\/strong> is an active agent in the construction of astronomical and ground instrumentation.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”323.3px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Segment_terrestre.webp” alt=”Segment_terrestre” title_text=”Segment_terrestre” align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”center” align_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”90%” border_width_top=”15px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”25px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Assumes high-level responsibilities in the implementation<\/strong>, operational management and data processing at the ground segment level.<\/p>\nAll this is reflected in the promotion of a communications teleport in Montsec<\/strong>, of which the following stand out: the S-band Earth Station of the Montsec Observatory<\/strong>, the development and adaptation of the STARS software for the COLIBRI telescope in Mexico<\/strong>, and collaboration in research and development for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) in the Atacama desert located in northeastern Chile.<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#segment-terrestre” button_text=”SEE PROJECTS” button_alignment=”left” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||40px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”12px|40px|12px|30px|true|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Popup – #cient-tecnol” module_id=”cient-tecnol” module_class=”popup” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”80%” width_tablet=”90%” width_phone=”100%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”36px|||||” da_is_popup=”on” da_popup_slug=”cient-tecnol” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nOptical Fiber Micro-Kelvin Temperature Sensor Network for Sensitive Optical Payloads (LIRA)<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
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The main objective of the current ITT is the design of an optical fiber temperature subsystem prototype (TRL4) for the future gravitational wave observatory LISA<\/strong>. The design of the current proposal builds upon the experience of the IEEC-led team in the design of the LISA Pathfinder<\/strong> temperature diagnostic subsystem, the analysis of the results obtained during the LISA Pathfinder<\/strong> operations phase with the aforementioned subsystem and, finally, the expertise acquired with the LETS (LISA Enhanced Temperature Subsystem) contract (4000127051\/19\/NL\/BW). The study is coordinated by the IEEC and carried out together with INESC TEC,<\/strong> with responsibility for the design and implementation of the optical fiber sensor head, requiring a dedicated design.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Miquel Nofrarias (IEEC-CSIC)<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA; Contract No. 4000135481\/21\/NL\/AR)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> IEEC, INESC TEC (Portugal)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 09\/2021-03\/2023<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nEnhancement of temperature measurement for LISA (LETS)<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
ESA<\/strong> contract to develop a Technology Development Activity to achieve a system for an \u2018Enhanced temperature measurement for LISA\u2019<\/strong> and with the goal to design a prototype temperature subsystem (TRL4) for the LISA space mission<\/strong> increasing one order of magnitude the performance (1 uK\/\u221aHz) down to 1mHz. The leadership for the specific tasks is allocated to the three different partners: design of front-end electronics (IEEC), design of ultra-stable test bench (DLR), integration, verification and testing (IEEC), roadmap to TRL6 (SENER).<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Miquel Nofrarias<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA; Contract No. 4000127051\/19\/NL\/BW)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> DLR, SENER<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 01\/09\/2019 – 30\/07\/2022<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Popup – #observacio” module_id=”observacio” module_class=”popup” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” width=”80%” width_tablet=”90%” width_phone=”100%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”36px|||||” da_is_popup=”on” da_popup_slug=”observacio” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract:<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n2nd Scout Mission HydroGNSS<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
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The IEEC<\/strong>, as partner in the HydroGNSS mission proposal to the ESA\u2019s Scout Programme<\/strong>, is subcontracted to Surrey Satellite Technologies Ltd (SSTL, UK)<\/strong> to contribute to the implementation of the mission, planned for launch in 2024. The IEEC<\/strong> supports SSTL<\/strong> in developing parts of the End-to-end simulator (E2ES)<\/strong>, a package of software to process ultra-low level data (intermediate frequency samples of unprocessed signals) once downloaded into ground, and the official ground based algorithms to generate level-2 products related to inundation of the surface (flooding, wetlands).<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Estel Cardellach (IEEC-CSIC)<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> SSTL UK, La Sapienza University (Italy), Finnish Meteorological Institute<\/em>
(FMI, Finland); National Oceanographic Centre (NOC, UK), Tor Vergata University<\/em>
(Italy), IFAC-CNR (Italy), University of Nottingham (UK)<\/em>
Duration<\/strong>: 2021-2026<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nSentinel-3 CD \u2013 Topography and GNSS Reflectometry for data processing over sea ice<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The objective of this activity is to advance: a) in the theory and processing of ideal grazing GNSS<\/strong> reflectometry (specular surface and no atmosphere), b) in the modelling of surface reflection over lakes, open ocean and sea ice, c) in the modelling of ionospheric and tropospheric effects and their correction, and d) in the acquisition of further co-located data sets with Sentinel- 3<\/strong> over instrumented lakes using all acquired raw data sets (those in Table 1 plus the 3 new acquisitions) and supporting ancillary data from other sources (such as Sentinel-3 altimetry and surface roughness, meteorological ground-based stations, weather balloons, TEC maps from IGS,<\/strong> information on physical conditions from ECMWF<\/strong>, SMOS-Cryosat<\/strong> derived sea ice thickness, SAR satellite<\/strong> images, etc.). The activity will cover all objectives, but with a focus on inland water bodies and sea-ice altimetry. Advancing and consolidating this alternative technique could provide means to validate Sentinel-3<\/strong> acquisition over lakes (and other surfaces) where in situ measurements are not available.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Weiqiang Li (IEEC-CSIC)<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 12\/2021-12\/2022<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nMAXSS \u2013 Marine Atmosphere eXtreme Satellite Synergy<\/strong><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The primary objective of the ESA Marine Atmosphere eXtreme Satellite Synergy (MAXSS)<\/strong> project is to provide guidance and innovative methodologies to maximise the synergetic use of available Earth Observation data (satellite, in situ) to improve understanding about the multi-scale dynamic characteristics of extreme air-sea interaction. In MAXSS<\/strong>, three developments are conducted: (1) The development of a Multi-Mission Wind Product, (2) The development of an extreme Winds (severe storm, cyclone) atlas, and (3) The development of added-value products to analyse storms.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Estel Cardellach (IEEC-CSIC)<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> SSTL UK, La Sapienza University (Italy), Finnish Meteorological Institute<\/em>
(FMI, Finland); National Oceanographic Centre (NOC, UK), Tor Vergata University<\/em>
(Italy), IFAC-CNR (Italy), University of Nottingham (UK)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 01\/2021-01\/2023<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nPITHIA-NRF – Plasmasphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Integrated Research Environment and Access services: a Network of Research Facilities<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
PITHIA-NRF (Plasmasphere Ionosphere Thermosphere Integrated Research Environment and Access services: a Network of Research Facilities)<\/strong> pret\u00e9n construir una PITHIA-NRF aims to build a European distributed network that integrates observing facilities<\/strong>, data processing tools and prediction models dedicated to ionosphere, thermosphere and plasmasphere research. For the first time, PITHIA-NRF<\/strong> integrates on a European scale, and opens up to all European researchers, key national and regional research infrastructures, such as EISCAT, LOFAR<\/strong>, ionosondes and digisondes, GNSS receivers, Doppler sounding systems, riometers, and VLF<\/strong> receivers, ensuring optimal use and joint development. PITHIA-NRF<\/strong> is designed to provide organised access to experimental facilities, FAIR data, standardised data products, training and innovation services. Furthermore, PITHIA-NRF<\/strong> facilitates research advances in the field of upper atmosphere and near-Earth space, through the integration of data collections from satellite missions (such as Cluster, DEMETER, Swarm and CHAMP)<\/strong> and results from key prediction models, which can be accessed by scientific users for joint exploitation with the data collected from the research infrastructures of the network. IEEC-UPC<\/strong> group operates the node of thermosphere-ionosphere coupling models based on ground and space-based GNSS<\/strong> data providing hands-on access to research users. In addition to this, the group strongly contributes to the registration of data and models in PITHIA-NRF<\/strong> e-science centre, and participates in training, dissemination and innovation activities.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Manuel Hern\u00e1ndez-Pajares (IEEC-UPC)<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Commission (EC; H2020 Grant Agreement no. 101007599;<\/em>
H2020-INFRAIA-2018-2020)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 04\/2021-03\/2025<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nBEEPS-IOM, Biomass end-to-end performance simulator \u2013 Ionospheric Module<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
ESA\u2019s BIOMASS Earth Explorer mission<\/strong> aims at providing global aboveground forest biomass. Its payload is a UHF<\/strong> synthetic aperture radar. At UHF<\/strong> ionospheric effects, notably the group delay and phase advance, the Faraday rotation, and the intensity and phase scintillations (or rapid fluctuations) are significant and have to be properly modelled to be compensated, to understand the limitations of the proposed technique, and to select the optimum observation conditions. In this project the ionospheric module of the BIOMASS end-to-end performance simulator (BEEPS-IOM)<\/strong> is implemented. IEEC is in charge for the algorithm development and prototyping in Matlab, and RDA (CH)<\/strong> to convert them into C++, complying with all ESA<\/strong> quality standards.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Adriano Camps<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> RDA (CH)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 30\/1\/2020-30\/12\/2022<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nSIMIONO, Ionosphere Impact and Corrections for Low Frequency Radars<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
The objective of this project is to consolidate the understanding, assessment and correction of ionospheric effects on space-borne low-frequency radar observations, including several modes of P & L-bands SAR (monostatic, bistatic, polarimetric, interferometric)<\/strong>, as well as VHF\/UHF radar sounders, and GNSS<\/strong>-Reflectometers for scatterometry and altimetry. A correct and fine representation of the ionosphere layers (models, data), considering both the mean values and the inhomogeneities causing spatial and temporal fluctuations of the electron density at different scales are considered, and an API<\/strong> is implementing these models for use in future ESA<\/strong> end-to-end performance simulators. The project is coordinated by ONERA (FR)<\/strong>, who is in charge of the algorithm prototyping of SAR sensors. IEEC<\/strong> is in charge of the algorithm prototyping of low-frequency radar sounders and GNSS-R instruments, and RDA (CH)<\/strong> is in charge of converting these algorithms into C++, complying with all ESA<\/strong> quality standards.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Adriano Camps<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA)<\/em>
Partners:<\/strong> ONERA (Fr), RDA (CH)<\/em>
Duration:<\/strong> 30\/1\/2020-30\/12\/2022<\/em><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”9px||19px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#1a1140″ header_2_font_size=”25px” min_height=”88.1px” custom_margin=”0px||-26px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” header_2_font_size_tablet=”25px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
KTT Contract: <\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\nOSIP Open Channel Early Technology Development Activities Evaluation Session 2020-05 \u2013 Widelane Grazing Angle Carrier Phase Altimetry with GNSS Reflected Signals: exploring beyond the PRETTY mission<\/strong><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
IEEC<\/strong> leads an experimental campaign, funded under the ESA\u2019s Open Space Innovation Platform (OSIP)<\/strong>, to understand the performance of GNSS<\/strong> sea surface altimetry using carrier phase delay observations at grazing angles of observation at two frequencies. This new technique can be applied when the scattering off the sea waves presents a strong coherent component, i.e., when the surface is effectively smooth with respect to the electromagnetic wavelength and geometry. The chances of coherent scattering increase at grazing angles of observation. The smart use of the dual frequency system is also investigated. The experiment uses IEEC<\/strong> developed hardware installed on top of Puig Major (Serra de Tramuntana, Mallorca) at over 1400 m altitude close to the sea. An oceanographic buoy located at the observational area provides in situ wind and waves information.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Coordinator:<\/strong> Estel Cardellach<\/em>
Funding Institution:<\/strong> European Space Agency (ESA; Contract No. 4000133252\/20\/NL\/GLC)<\/em>