{"id":19958,"date":"2023-05-12T11:30:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-12T09:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/"},"modified":"2023-05-12T11:30:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T09:30:00","slug":"astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; height=&#8221;114px&#8221; background_color=&#8221;&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; title_text=&#8221;&#8221; background_image=&#8221;\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/slider-corpo2.jpg&#8221;][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_column _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMSBjbGFzcz1cImVudHJ5X3RpdGxlXCI+IiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiI8L2gxPiJ9fQ==@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; theme_builder_area=&#8221;post_content&#8221; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImN1c3RvbSIsImN1c3RvbV9kYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6IlktbS1kIEg6aTpzIn19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; top_divider_color=&#8221;RGBA(255,255,255,0)&#8221; top_divider_height=&#8221;0px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1683883392_a4e93fcf039fa0cc84e63d2573cf69e3_artist_impression_of_a_black_hole_accretion_credit_john_a_paice_r.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; title_text=&#8221;PR_Image1.png&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; width=&#8221;600px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.14.8&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<strong>The estelar explosion, known as AT2021lwx, has currently lasted over three years, compared to most supernovae which are only visibly bright for a few months.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>IEEC experts at the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) have studied the explosion, which is more than ten times brighter than any known supernova.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>It took place nearly 8 billion light years away, when the universe was around 6 billion years old.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">An international team of astronomers, led by the University of Southampton and with the participation of researchers from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><u>Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia<\/u><\/a><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"> (IEEC &mdash; Institut d&rsquo;Estudis Espacials de Cataluya) at the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.csic.es\/\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><u>Institute of Space Sciences<\/u><\/a><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"> (ICE-CSIC), have uncovered the largest cosmic explosion ever witnessed in an article published today in <\/span><em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">The explosion is more than ten times brighter than any known supernova (exploding star) and three times brighter than the brightest tidal disruption event, an astronomical phenomenon where a star &lsquo;falls&rsquo; into a supermassive black hole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"><strong>The stellar explosion, known as AT2021lwx, has currently lasted over three years<\/strong>, compared to most supernovae which are only visibly bright for a few months. It took place nearly 8 billion light years away, when the universe was around 6 billion years old, and is still being detected by a network of telescopes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">The researchers believe that the explosion is a result of a vast cloud of gas, possibly thousands of times larger than our sun, that has been violently disrupted by a supermassive black hole. Fragments of the cloud would be swallowed up, sending shockwaves through its remnants, as well as into a large dusty &lsquo;doughnut&rsquo; surrounding the black hole. Such events are very rare and nothing on this scale has been witnessed before.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">In 2022, astronomers witnessed the brightest explosion on record &#8211; a gamma-ray burst known as GRB 221009A. While this was brighter than AT2021lwx, it lasted for just a fraction of the time, meaning the overall energy released by the AT2021lwx explosion is far greater.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">&ldquo;It is really shocking when you find a transient, check its brightness and you realise it is an order of magnitude brighter than any other supernova&rdquo;, says <strong>Llu&iacute;s Galbany<\/strong>, IEEC researcher at the ICE-CSIC. &ldquo;When our collaborators told us the existence of this transient, we rapidly prepared a fast-turnaround proposal to observe the transient with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC)&rdquo;, he adds.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Detected thanks to a network of telescopes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">AT2021lwx was first detected in 2020 by the Zwicky Transient Facility in California,<\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">and subsequently picked up by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) based in Hawaii. These facilities survey the night sky to detect transient objects that rapidly change in brightness indicating cosmic events such as supernovae,<\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">as well as finding asteroids and comets. Until now the scale of the explosion has been unknown.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">&ldquo;We came upon this by chance, as it was flagged by our search algorithm when we were searching for a type of supernova,&rdquo; says Dr Philip Wiseman, Research Fellow at the University of Southampton, who led the research. &ldquo;Most supernovae and tidal disruption events only last for a couple of months before fading away. For something to be bright for two plus years was immediately very unusual.&rdquo;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">The team investigated the object further with several different telescopes: the<\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Neil Gehrels Swift Telescope (a collaboration between NASA, the UK and Italy), the New Technology Telescope (operated by the European Southern Observatory) in Chile, and the Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma, Spain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">&ldquo;Given the uniqueness of this event, we observed it at different wavelengths with the aim of understanding its nature. In particular, our successful&nbsp; proposal to Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) allowed us to observe the presence and absence of different spectral lines, and compare these to those from other known transients to better understand the physical processes behind this bright source&rdquo;, said <strong>Tom&aacute;s E. M&uuml;ller Bravo<\/strong>, IEEC postdoctoral researcher at the ICE-CSIC and Principal Investigator of the GTC proposal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Measuring the distance to the explosion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">By analysing the spectrum of the light, splitting it up into different wavelengths and measuring the different absorption and emission features of the spectrum, the team were able to measure the distance to the object.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">The only things in the universe that are as bright as AT2021lwx are quasars &#8211; supermassive black holes with a constant flow of gas falling onto them at high velocity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">&ldquo;When you find a transient with properties different from those you are used to monitoring, your first reaction is to try to explain what events can produce them and how. Consequently, multiple alternatives appear, but only very few can describe your observations&rdquo;, says <strong>Claudia Guti&eacute;rrez<\/strong>, ICE-CSIC postdoctoral researcher. &ldquo;This is what happened with this event&rdquo;, she adds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>What caused the explosion?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">There are different theories as to what could have caused such an explosion, but the team believe the most feasible explanation is an extremely large cloud of gas (mostly hydrogen) or dust that has come off course from its orbit around the black hole and been sent flying in.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">The team are now setting out to collect more data on the explosion &#8211; measuring different wavelengths, including X-rays which could reveal the object&rsquo;s surface and temperature, and what underlying processes are taking place. They will also carry out upgraded computational simulations to test if these match their theory of what caused the explosion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Press release prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Main Image<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Caption: <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Artist impression of a black hole accretion.&nbsp;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Credits: <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">John A. Paice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Links<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">&#8211; <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/es\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><u>IEEC<\/u><\/a><br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ice.csic.es\/\">ICE-CSIC<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>More information<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">This research is presented in a paper entitled &ldquo;<\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Multiwavelength observations of the extraordinary accretion event AT2021lwx<\/span><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">&rdquo;, by <\/span><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">P. Wiseman <\/span><em>et al.<\/em><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">, including L. Galbany, T. M&uuml;ller-Bravo and C. Guti&eacute;rrez<\/span><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">, to appear in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on 12 May 2023. Doi.org\/10.1093\/mnras\/stad1000<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#222222\">The Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC&nbsp; &mdash; Institut d&rsquo;Estudis Espacials de Catalunya) promotes and coordinates space research and technology development in Catalonia for the benefit of society. IEEC fosters collaborations both locally and worldwide and is an efficient agent of knowledge, innovation and technology transfer. As a result of more than 25 years of high-quality research, done in collaboration with major international organisations, IEEC ranks among the best international research centres, focusing on areas such as: astrophysics, cosmology, planetary science, and Earth Observation. IEEC&rsquo;s engineering division develops instrumentation for ground- and space-based projects, and has extensive experience in working with private or public organisations from the aerospace and other innovation sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#222222\">IEEC is a private non-profit foundation, governed by a Board of Trustees composed of Generalitat de Catalunya and four other institutions that each have a research unit, which together constitute the core of IEEC R&amp;D activity: the Universitat de Barcelona (UB) with the research unit ICCUB &mdash; Institute of Cosmos Sciences; the Universitat Aut&ograve;noma de Barcelona (UAB) with the research unit CERES &mdash; Center of Space Studies and Research; the Universitat Polit&egrave;cnica de Catalunya &middot; BarcelonaTech (UPC) with the research unit CTE &mdash; Research Group in Space Sciences and Technologies; the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) with the research unit ICE &mdash; Institute of Space Sciences. The IEEC is a CERCA (Centres de Recerca de Catalunya) centre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Contacts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>IEEC Communication Office<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Barcelona, Spain<\/em><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">E-mail: <\/span><a href=\"mailto:comunicacio@ieec.cat\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><u>comunicacio@ieec.cat<\/u><\/a><span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Lead Researcher at IEEC<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Barcelona, Spain<\/em><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">Llu&iacute;s Galbany<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:transparent; color:#000000\">Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"background-color:#ffffff; color:#222222\">E-mail: <\/span><a href=\"mailto:lgalbany@ieec.cat\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><u>lgalbany@ieec.cat<\/u><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The estelar explosion, known as AT2021lwx, has currently lasted over three years, compared to most supernovae which are only visibly bright for a few months. IEEC experts at the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) have studied the explosion, which is more than ten times brighter than any known supernova. It took place nearly 8 billion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,98,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-science","category-sense-categoria"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen - IEEC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen - IEEC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The estelar explosion, known as AT2021lwx, has currently lasted over three years, compared to most supernovae which are only visibly bright for a few months. 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IEEC experts at the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) have studied the explosion, which is more than ten times brighter than any known supernova. It took place nearly 8 billion [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/","og_site_name":"IEEC","article_published_time":"2023-05-12T09:30:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2000,"height":1413,"url":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1683883392_a4e93fcf039fa0cc84e63d2573cf69e3_artist_impression_of_a_black_hole_accretion_credit_john_a_paice_r.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/6fad9f460d1c69b12d5c8c631a6ed279"},"headline":"Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen","datePublished":"2023-05-12T09:30:00+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/"},"wordCount":1658,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/1683883392_a4e93fcf039fa0cc84e63d2573cf69e3_artist_impression_of_a_black_hole_accretion_credit_john_a_paice_r.jpg","articleSection":["News","Science","Sense categoria"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/astronomers-reveal-the-largest-cosmic-explosion-ever-seen\/","name":"Astronomers reveal the largest cosmic explosion ever seen - 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