[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/slider-comunicacio.jpg” max_height=”130px” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”24px||11px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Unitats de recerca” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|700||on|||||” text_font_size=”16px” header_font=”|700|||||||” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” header_font_size_tablet=”28px” header_font_size_phone=”26px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfb3JnYW5pemFjaW9uZXMiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJiZWZvcmUiOiIiLCJhZnRlciI6IiIsImVuYWJsZV9odG1sIjoib2ZmIn19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_title author=”off” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” admin_label=”T\u00edtol i data” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Cairo|300|||||||” title_font_size=”40px” meta_font=”||on||||||” meta_font_size=”16px” title_font_size_tablet=”35px” title_font_size_phone=”30px” title_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text admin_label=”Subt\u00edtols” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Source Sans Pro||on||||||” text_font_size=”24px” text_line_height=”1.1em” text_font_size_tablet=”22px” text_font_size_phone=”20px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
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[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_post_title title=”off” meta=”off” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” border_width_top=”10px” border_color_top=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” text_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”rgba(64,111,218,0.15)” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Caption:<\/strong> Tracing a link between two neighbour planets at regular time intervals along their orbits, creates a pattern unique to each couple. The six planets of the HD 110067 system create together a mesmerising geometric pattern due to their resonance-chain. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Astronomers have found a peculiar family of six planets orbiting a star similar to the Sun called HD 110067. While multi-planet systems are common in our galaxy, those in a tight gravitational formation known as \u2018resonance\u2019 are observed far less often. An international team of researchers led by <\/span>Rafael Luque<\/b>, of the <\/span>University of Chicago<\/span><\/a>, have published today a paper on this discovery in the journal <\/span>Nature<\/b>. Several researchers from the <\/span>Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia<\/span><\/a> (IEEC \u2014 Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya) at the <\/span>Institute of Space Sciences<\/span><\/a> (ICE-CSIC) have participated in the research.<\/span><\/p>\n The <\/span>resonant configuration means that the orbits are synchronised<\/b> in a particular manner. In this case, the planet closest to the star makes three orbits for every two of the next planet out\u2014called a 3\/2 resonance\u2014a pattern that is repeated among the four closest planets. For the outermost planets, it is four orbits for every three of the next planet out\u2014a 4\/3 resonance. <\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on||||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Orbitally resonant systems like this are extremely important to find<\/b> because they tell astronomers about the formation and subsequent evolution of the planetary system. Planetary systems tend to form in resonance but can be easily perturbed. For example, a very massive planet in the system, a close encounter with a passing star or any kind of merger or collision can disrupt the careful balance. Finding a resonant system, thus, is like looking at a \u2018fossil\u2019 <\/b>planetary system.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ESA_Cheops_infographic_six-planet_system_final1.jpg” title_text=”ESA_Cheops_infographic_six-planet_system_final(1)” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||1px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” text_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”rgba(64,111,218,0.15)” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Caption:<\/strong> A rare family of six exoplanets has been unlocked with the help of ESA\u2019s Cheops mission. The planets are all smaller than Neptune and revolve around their star HD 110067 in a very precise waltz. When the closest planet to the star makes three full revolutions around it, the second one makes exactly two\u2014this is called a 3:2 resonance. Cheops confirmed the orbital period of the third planet in the system, which was the key to unlocking the rhythm of the entire system. This is the second planetary system in orbital resonance that Cheops has helped reveal. [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Juan Carlos Morales, Guillem Anglada-Escud\u00e9 <\/b>and <\/span>Ignasi Ribas<\/b>, all of them IEEC researchers at the ICE-CSIC, participated in the research by providing observations carried out with <\/span>CARMENES<\/span><\/a>, the instrument searching for exoplanets from the <\/span>Calar Alto Observatory<\/span><\/a>. They also collaborated by scheduling observations with the CARMENES scheduler based on the <\/span>STARS software<\/span><\/a>, an artificial intelligence solution for planning operations of space missions and astronomical instruments developed by the IEEC, the ICE-CSIC and the <\/span>Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona<\/span><\/a> (ICCUB).<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThe CARMENES high-resolution spectroscopic observations spanning one year, along with those from the <\/span>HARPS-N<\/span><\/a> spectrograph, were used to determine the mass of three of the planets in the system and set stringent constraints to the others, revealing they are what we call sub-Neptune class planets,\u201d explains Juan Carlos Morales, IEEC researcher at the ICE-CSIC.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n HD 110067 invites further study as it shows us the unaltered configuration of a planetary system that has kept its resonance since its formation: the planets have likely been performing this <\/span>same gravitational dance since the system formed billions of years ago<\/b>. Moreover, this is the brightest known system with four or more planets. Since those planets are all sub-Neptune-sized with atmospheres that are likely extended, it makes them <\/span>ideal candidates for studying the composition of their atmospheres<\/b> using the James Webb Space Telescope of NASA, the <\/span>European Space Agency<\/span><\/a> (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font_size=”21px” text_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”#406fda” text_orientation=”center” width=”70%” width_tablet=”70%” width_phone=”70%” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”40px|50px|40px|50px|true|true” custom_padding_tablet=”40px|50px|40px|50px|true|true” custom_padding_phone=”30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” text_font_size_tablet=”21px” text_font_size_phone=”19px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n \u201cThe CARMENES observations were used to determine the mass of three of the planets in the system and set stringent constraints to the others, revealing they are what we call sub-Neptune class planets,\u201d explains Juan Carlos Morales, IEEC researcher at the ICE-CSIC. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding=”||3px|||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”|700|||||||” header_2_font_size=”25px” header_2_font_size_tablet=”23px” header_2_font_size_phone=”23px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_video src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Video_orbit-music-captions_credit-Hugh-Osborn-UniBern.mp4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||8px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” text_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”rgba(64,111,218,0.15)” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Caption:<\/strong> To-scale animation of the orbits of the six resonant planets in the HD 110067 system. The background image is the TESS field centred on HD 110067 from which the first hints of exoplanets orbiting the star were first seen (Credit: NASA\/MIT\/TESS and Ethan Kruse). The relative sizes of the planets (as shown by the key to the right) is accurate, although their true size compared to the star is much smaller. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n The discovery of these planets is something of a detective story. The first hints came from NASA\u2019s <\/span>Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite<\/span><\/a> (TESS), which aims at scanning all of the sky bit by bit to find exoplanets with short periods, that is, short years. In 2020, <\/span>TESS detected dips in the brightness of the star HD 110067, which indicated planets were passing in front of its surface<\/b>. These tiny eclipses are what astronomers call \u2018transits\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Two years later, TESS re-observed the same star. Adding up both sets of measurements, scientists had an assortment of transits to study. But it was difficult to distinguish how many planets they represented, or to pin down their orbits; the two sets of observations seemed to disagree.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThat\u2019s when we decided to use CHEOPS,\u201d explains Rafael Luque. CHEOPS is the <\/span>Characterising Exoplanet Satellite<\/span><\/a>, the first ESA mission devoted to studying bright, nearby stars that are already known to host exoplanets, which counts with IEEC and ICE-CSIC participation. \u201cWe went fishing for signals among all the potential periods that those planets could have,\u201d says Luque.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” link_font=”|700|||on||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Eventually, astronomers singled out the two innermost planets, with orbital periods of 9 days for the closest planet and 14 days for the next one out. A third planet, with a year about 20.5 days long, was identified with the help of the data from CHEOPS.<\/span><\/p>\n Then the scientists noticed something extraordinary: <\/span>the three planets\u2019 orbits matched what would be expected if they were locked in a 3\/2 resonance<\/b>. They had found the key to unlocking the whole system. The science team worked through a well-known list of resonances that potentially could be found in such systems, trying to match them to the remaining transits that had been picked up by TESS. The scientists could therefore predict that the outer three planets have orbital periods of 31, 41 and 55 days. \u201cCHEOPS gave us this resonant configuration that allowed us to predict all the other periods. Without that detection from CHEOPS, it would have been impossible,\u201d explains Luque.<\/span><\/p>\n However, the TESS observations that had any chance of confirming the predicted orbits of the two outer planets had been set aside during processing, as they had excessive scattered light. Reanalysis of the data to correct for the excessive light revealed two hidden transits, one from each of the planets, exactly at the times expected by the predictions. <\/span>All the pieces of the puzzle had finally come together<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Press release prepared in collaboration with the University of Chicago, ESA and NASA.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Illustration_spiral-plot_credit-Hugh-Osborn-UniBern.jpg” title_text=”Illustration_spiral-plot_credit-Hugh-Osborn-UniBern” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” text_line_height=”1.1em” background_color=”rgba(64,111,218,0.15)” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Caption:<\/strong> Orbital motion for all six planets relative to a single year of planet c. Due to the precise resonant orbits of all six planets, the orbits of each planet are closely linked. For every 360 degree rotation around HD 110067 from planet c, planet b moves 540\u00ba, planet d 240\u00ba, planet e 160\u00ba, planet f 120\u00ba and planet g 90 degrees. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”30px||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#406fda” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Cairo|700|||||||” text_text_color=”#406fda” text_font_size=”20px” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n More information<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.1em” link_font=”|700|||on||||” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n <\/span>This research is presented in a paper entitled <\/span>\u201c<\/span>A resonant sextuplet of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright star HD 110067<\/span><\/a>\u201d,<\/span> by <\/span>Rafael Luque<\/span> et al.<\/span><\/i>, to appear in the journal Nature on 29 November 2023. DOI 10.1038\/s41586-023-06692-3<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#406fda” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Enlla\u00e7os” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Cairo|700|||||||” text_text_color=”#406fda” text_font_size=”20px” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Links<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.1em” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ link_line_height=”1.4em” custom_margin=”20px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#406fda” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Contactes” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Cairo|700|||||||” text_text_color=”#406fda” text_font_size=”20px” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n Contacts<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ admin_label=”Row” _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||20px|false|false” border_width_left=”1px” border_color_left=”#406fda” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.14.8″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.1em” link_font=”|700|||on|||#1a1140|” link_text_color=”#1a1140″ link_line_height=”1.4em” header_4_font=”|700|||||||” header_4_text_color=”#1a1140″ custom_margin=”||||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
Credits:<\/strong> Thibaut Roger\/NCCR PlanetS, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Credits:<\/strong> ESA
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<\/span><\/p>\nFollowing the clues to find the planets<\/h2>\n
Credits:<\/strong> Animation, composition and annotations by Dr Hugh Osborn (University of Bern)
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Credits:<\/strong> Dr Hugh Osborn (University of Bern)<\/span><\/p>\n\n
IEEC Communication Office<\/h4>\n