{"id":38455,"date":"2025-08-19T11:55:08","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T09:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/?p=38455"},"modified":"2025-08-29T13:55:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T11:55:27","slug":"a-team-of-astronomers-present-a-new-method-to-detect-supernovae-hours-after-the-explosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/a-team-of-astronomers-present-a-new-method-to-detect-supernovae-hours-after-the-explosion\/","title":{"rendered":"A team of astronomers present a new method to detect supernovae hours after the explosion"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/slider-comunicacio.jpg” max_height=”130px” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Section” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”24px||11px|||” da_disable_devices=”off|off|off” global_colors_info=”{}” da_is_popup=”off” da_exit_intent=”off” da_has_close=”on” da_alt_close=”off” da_dark_close=”off” da_not_modal=”on” da_is_singular=”off” da_with_loader=”off” da_has_shadow=”on”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Unitats de recerca” module_class=”ieec-orgs” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” _module_preset=”default” text_font=”|700||on|||||” text_font_size=”16px” header_font=”|700|||||||” custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” header_font_size_tablet=”28px” header_font_size_phone=”26px” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoiY3VzdG9tX21ldGFfb3JnYW5pemFjaW9uZXMiLCJzZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJiZWZvcmUiOiIiLCJhZnRlciI6IiIsImVuYWJsZV9odG1sIjoib2ZmIn19@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_post_title author=”off” categories=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” admin_label=”T\u00edtol i data” module_class=”ieec-title” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” title_font=”Cairo|300|||||||” title_font_size=”40px” meta_font=”||on||||||” meta_font_size=”16px” title_font_size_tablet=”35px” title_font_size_phone=”30px” title_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_post_title][et_pb_text admin_label=”Subt\u00edtols” module_class=”ieec-summary” _builder_version=”4.27.4″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Source Sans Pro||on||||||” text_font_size=”24px” text_line_height=”1.1em” text_font_size_tablet=”22px” text_font_size_phone=”20px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

\u2022 A new method combines wide-field sky surveys with immediate telescope follow-up
\u2022 The study, led by ICE-CSIC, shows that observing the first light of supernovae, which mark the end of a star\u2019s life, preserves information about their type, origin, and environment
\u2022 Llu\u00eds Galbany, researcher from the IEEC at ICE-CSIC, took part in the study and points out that the work paves the way for new early detection protocols<\/p>\n

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Composite image of the Tycho Supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia. Chandra\u2019s X-ray data have been combined with an optical image of the stars in the same field of view from the Digitized Sky Survey. X-ray: NASA\/CXC\/RIKEN & GSFC\/T. Sato et al; Optical: DSS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Supernovae are enormous explosions that mark the final stages of a star\u2019s life. As they are sudden and unpredictable, they have long been difficult to study, but today, thanks to high-cadence sky surveys, astronomers can discover new ones almost daily. A new study led by the <\/span>Institute of Space Sciences<\/span><\/a> (ICE-CSIC), with the participation of the <\/span>Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia<\/span><\/a> (IEEC), and published in the <\/span>Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticles Physics<\/span><\/i> (JCAP), presents a <\/span>new method to detect supernovae hours after their eruption.<\/b><\/p>\n

The pilot study focuses on a sample of ten supernovae using observations from the Gran Telescopio de Canarias (GTC). It shows how targeted protocols and fast telescope follow-up can capture the earliest spectra of these stellar explosions, <\/span>ideally within 48 hours, or even 24 hours of their first light<\/b>. This breakthrough offers an unprecedented opportunity to study the moments immediately following a star\u2019s death and makes <\/span>rapid detection essential for understanding their origins and evolution<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Supernovae fall into two broad categories, determined by the mass of the progenitor star. Thermonuclear supernovae involve stars whose initial mass did not exceed eight solar masses. \u201cThe most advanced evolutionary stage of these stars before the supernova is the white dwarf\u2014very old objects that no longer have an active core producing heat. White dwarfs can remain in equilibrium for a long time, supported by a quantum effect called electron-degeneracy pressure\u201d, explains <\/span>Llu\u00eds Galbany<\/b>, an astrophysicist at the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC) and Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) and first author of the study.<\/span><\/p>\n

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If such a star is located in a binary system, it can siphon matter from its companion. The extra mass raises the internal pressure until the white dwarf explodes as a supernova.<\/span><\/p>\n

The second supernovae major category involves very massive stars, above eight solar masses, \u201cThey shine thanks to nuclear fusion in their cores, but once the star has burned through progressively heavier atoms\u2014right up to the point where further fusion no longer yields energy\u2014the core collapses. At that point, the star collapses because gravity is no longer counterbalanced; the rapid contraction raises the internal pressure dramatically and triggers the explosion\u201d, Galbany explains.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Early detection<\/b><\/h2>\n

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The first hours and days after a supernova blast preserve direct clues to the progenitor system\u2014<\/span>information that helps distinguish competing explosion models, estimate critical parameters, and study the local environment<\/b>. Historically, obtaining such early data was difficult because most supernovae were discovered days or weeks after the explosion. Modern wide-field, high-cadence surveys\u2014covering large swaths of sky and revisiting them frequently\u2014are changing that picture and allowing discoveries within mere hours or days.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protocols and criteria are still needed to exploit these surveys fully, and the team tested such rules using observations from the GTC. Their study reports on ten supernovae: half thermonuclear, half core-collapse. Most of them were observed within six days of the estimated explosion, and in two cases within 48 hours.<\/span><\/p>\n

The protocol begins with a rapid search for candidates based on two criteria: the light signal must have been absent in the previous night\u2019s images, and the new source must lie within a galaxy. When both conditions are met, the team triggers the OSIRIS instrument\u00a0 mounted on the GTC to obtain a spectrum.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Adapted image of a host galaxy of the supernovae sample of the study. Galbany et al (2025).Rapid follow-up observations of infant supernovae with the Gran Telescopio Canarias, JCAP. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201cThe supernova\u2019s spectrum tells us, for instance, whether the star contained hydrogen\u2014meaning we are looking at a core-collapse supernova,\u201d Galbany explains. \u201c<\/span>Knowing about the supernova in its very earliest moments also lets us seek other kinds of data on the same object<\/b>, such as photometry from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) that we used in the study. Those light-curves show how brightness rises in the initial phase; if we see small bumps, it may mean another star in a binary system was swallowed by the explosion\u201d, he adds. Additional checks cross-match data on the same patch of sky from other observatories.<\/span><\/p>\n

Because this first study managed to gather data within 48 hours, the authors conclude that <\/span>even faster observations are within reach<\/b>. \u201cWe now know that a rapid-response spectroscopic program, well coordinated with deep photometric surveys, can realistically collect spectra within a day of the explosion, paving the way for systematic studies of the very earliest phases in forthcoming large surveys such as the La Silla Southern Supernova Survey (LS4) and the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), both in Chile\u201d, Galbany concludes. <\/span><\/p>\n

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More information<\/p>\n

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Links<\/p>\n

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IEEC<\/a>
ICE-CSIC<\/a><\/p>\n

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Contacts<\/p>\n

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IEEC Communication Office<\/h4>\n

Castelldefels, Barcelona
E-mail: comunicacio@ieec.cat<\/a><\/p>\n

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Lead researcher at the IEEC<\/h4>\n

Lluis Galbany<\/h4>\n

Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC)
E-mail: lgalbany@ieec.cat<\/a>, lgalbany@ice.csic.es<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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About the IEEC<\/h2>\n

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The Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC \u2014 Institut d\u2019Estudis Espacials de Catalunya) promotes and coordinates space research and technology development in Catalonia for the benefit of society. IEEC fosters collaborations both locally and worldwide and is an efficient agent of knowledge, innovation and technology transfer. As a result of more than 25 years of high-quality research, done in collaboration with major international organisations, IEEC ranks among the best international research centres, focusing on areas such as: astrophysics, cosmology, planetary science, and Earth Observation. IEEC\u2019s engineering division develops instrumentation for ground- and space-based projects, and has extensive experience in working with private or public organisations from the aerospace and other innovation sectors.<\/p>\n

The IEEC is a non-profit public sector foundation that was established in February 1996. It has a Board of Trustees composed of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u00b7 BarcelonaTech (UPC), and the Spanish Research Council (CSIC). The IEEC is also a CERCA centre.<\/p>\n

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The study shows that specific protocols and rapid follow-up with telescopes can capture the earliest spectra of these stellar explosions, ideally within 48 or even 24 hours after the first light.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":38435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","footnotes":""},"categories":[74,98,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-science","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nA team of astronomers present a new method to detect supernovae hours after the explosion - IEEC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study shows that specific protocols and rapid follow-up with telescopes can capture the earliest spectra of these stellar explosions, ideally within 48 or even 24 hours after the first light.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ieec.cat\/en\/a-team-of-astronomers-present-a-new-method-to-detect-supernovae-hours-after-the-explosion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A team of astronomers present a new method to detect supernovae hours after the explosion - 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This research is presented in an article titled \u201cRapid follow-up observations of infant supernovae with the Gran Telescopio Canarias<\/a>\u201d by Galbany, Ll. et al, incl. Guti\u00e9rrez, C.P., Piscarreta, L., Alburai, A., Ali, N., Cross, D., Gonz\u00e1lez-Ba\u00f1uelos, M., Jim\u00e9nez-Palau, C., Kopsacheili, M., Phan, K., Sanfeliu, R., published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticles Physics (JCAP) on June 27, 2025.<\/p>\n